鑒定注意事項
三、鑒定注意事項
擠壓傷多數(shù)為災(zāi)害事故所致,此類損傷多為群體性,死因明確,需要法醫(yī)鑒定的案例較少。另外,因為工傷事故所致的擠壓傷,由于理賠的需要而要求死因鑒定。散發(fā)的案例多見于拷打、長時間捆綁并固定于某一體位所致死亡案例,這類案例如不經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)的尸體解剖,死因往往無法確定。因此,法醫(yī)遇到此類案例時,首先需要詳細(xì)了解案情,如果傷后住院治療,還需詳細(xì)調(diào)查有關(guān)病歷、治療情況等,以便全面掌握病情的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,對鑒定具有較大的幫助。
損傷的認(rèn)定主要根據(jù)外傷史、臨床表現(xiàn)及解剖所見來確定,特別是損傷部位大面積肌肉壞死、出血,結(jié)合有關(guān)的病情經(jīng)過,綜合分析確定死亡原因。另外還需排除疾病及其他原因致死的可能,特別是應(yīng)注意排除用其他手段殺人致死后偽裝擠壓傷死亡的案件。
對于案情不明確、病史不詳?shù)陌咐?,毒化檢驗必不可少;因為某些藥物或毒物中毒導(dǎo)致昏迷后,自體壓迫時間較長也可以形成擠壓傷或擠壓綜合征;因此,系統(tǒng)的尸體解剖尤為重要。
(劉水平馬藝列)
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